Method of applying finish-coatings to bodies.



c. H. PARKIN. METHOD OF APPLYING FINISH COATINGS T0 BODIES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. l5. l9l6.

Patented Oct. 22, 1918.

. e 2 IN, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

METHOD OF APPLYING FINISH-COATINGS TO BODIES.

Specification of letters Patent.

Patented Get. 22, 1918.

Application filed February 15, 1916. Serial No. 78,463.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that 1, CHARLES H. PARKIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Applying Finish-Coatings to Bodies; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to a method ofsurfacing or finishing structural surfaces by mechanicall applied process of permanently bindlng plaster, stucco or cement to concrete masonry or other structure surfaces in such a manner as to positively prevent cracking, staining or the separation of the finish from its'base and also eliminating suction and overcoming dampness and at the same time overcoming the plane of cleave.

The object of this invention is to obtain the above mentioned results by applying a bond material at normal temperature to the structural surface; the bond material or bonding material to be spread on the structural surface in such a-manner as to free the pbres from foreign substances and filling them with the bond or binder and subsequently forcing into the bond material an inert material such as sand, gravel, crushed slag, crushed limestone, crushed granite, crushed marble, crushed cinders or such other material as may form a rough finish and provide a key, clutch or clench surface to receive the final finish coating in the same manner and for the same purpose as set forth in my application Serial No. 824,215, filed March 12, 1914:.

This invention consists in the method and means hereinafter fully set forth and claimed.

In the drawings, Figure I, is an orthographic view of a structural surface embodying this invention with portions of the different layers of the material employed re-- moved for the better illustration and showing the finish coat applied. In this view the bond material is illustrated as filling the pores in the structural surface in such a manner as to eliminate the plane of cleavage between it and the structural surface.

Fi II, is an orthographic view like unto Fig. illustrating the structural base with the bond and inert material applied and without the finish coating.

Fig. III, is a sectional view taken through the homogeneous structure as finished illustrating the different layers, their relative positions and relation to each other when finished. This figure illustrates the buildup of the entire structure, process or method which forms as it were a structure composed of layers which are so applied that each layer enters into and forms a part of the contiguous layer thereby eliminating the plane of cleavage and, as above stated, forming a homogenous structure.

In the drawings above set forth 1 represents a structural surface which in this instance is presumed to be concrete, artificial stone, stone, brick, tile, gypsum or building material of like masonry nature, such as -is ordinarily used for structural purposes and for walls and ceilings of buildings.

2 represents the bond or binding material which is preferably composed of an asphalt product so treated that it may be applied to the structure at normal temperature and without heating, forming a coating for the structural surface which is tough, elasticand when applied having suflicient flowing qualities so as to allow the bond or binding material 2 to enter thoroughly into the pores of the structure or base 1, and while still in a sticky or semi-fluid condition adapted to receive and retain a subsequent coating and application of an inert material 3 thus, as it were, forming with the inert material a mastic which gradually hardens until it develops great adhesive strength and elasticity. The inert material 3 amalgamates, as it were, with the bond or binding material 2 and leaves a portion of the inert exposed which forms a more or less rough, ragged key or clench for the reception of the subsequent coating or finish 4 which may be applied in any of the well known and usual manners.

In applying the bond .or binder 2 it is applied under pressure so as to be forced into the pores 5 or the interstices of the base or structural surface 1 thus giving it great adhesiveness and also covering the entire surface forming a seal. which prevents the passing of moisture, alkalis and acids (none 1 of which effect the bond or binding material 2 in any way) from the structural surcoating i or vice versa thus insulating the surface coating or structural surface or body 1 by the impervious mastic while at the same time firmly uniting both and overcoming the plane of cleavage. The result. being the elimination of suction and the producing of a maximum hardness or, the finish coatin 4 at the key point and gradually softening as it approaches the surface which would be impossible to attain were not the conditions both of the bond or binder 2 and the manner of application as above set forth. It will 7 readily be seen that the bond material being caused by force to enter the pores or interstices of the base or structural surface 1 and the inert substance incorporated in the bond and projecting therefrom so as to form a clench or key to which is applied the finish coating that the plane of cleavage which would otherwise result is thus "entirely eliminated and overcome.

It is preferable, in applying the bond or binder 2, to apply the same under air pressure and also to apply and drive the inert material into the binder by the same means and amalgamate both into a mastic but other means may be employed for applying the bond and inert material without departing from this invention and it has been found possible and practicable to amalgamate or mix the bond or binding material 2 and the inert material 3 previous to applying it to the structural surface 1 thus forming a mastic which can be mechanically forced into a structural surface, the surplus bond'material being caused to enter the pores or interstices and resulting in practically the same effectiveness.

In the bonding material where asphalt is employed the asphalt is treated by solvents or its own nature renders it of such a nature and consistency that it remains fluid or semi-fluid and can be applied to damp surfaces and will harden so as to be firm, tough and elastic and will retain its adhesiveness,

toughness and elasticity after applied in extremes of temperature even in cold storage places or in boiler rooms or in other places of extreme cold or heat allowing for the varying expansions and contractions of the finish coating or base to which it is applied.

The advantages of this invention are the elimination of labor to a great extent inasmuch as the bond 2 and inert material 3 may be applied mechanically; economy in the application of the finished coat and in the labor of applying the same, the finish coat being only of a thickness necessary to cover the inert material except in low or hollow places, also the rapidity in which the finish may be applied owing to the absence of suction which causes a slow easy drying thus allowing of a larger area in a given time with a true and straight finish. The dead the finish 4 from the load of the plaster is also decreased in a building to about one third. Other advantages not herein specifically set forth are attained and are obvious.

In the use of the term normal temperature as applied to the mastic or bond material 2 it is intended to difierentiate from this manner of application and the heating of the material before application or while being applied. Inasmuch as asphalt or like materials can not be practically applied hot so as to entirely cover a surface and enter completely into the pores and interstices nor does it act in setting in the same manner as when properly cut and treated by solvents or its own nature and brought into a semi-fluid condition which it will retain indefinitely and normally thus allowing it to be a plied to wet, green or damp snrfaces as is often found necessary in work of this nature. Furthermore the applying of hot asphalt or the like to ceilings would result in not only imperfect workmanship but would also be dangeigous to those working from below.

It is also apparent that it would be impos sible to overcome the plane of cleavage where hot or heated asphalt or like material is employed on the base inasmuch as in applying the same to a base of a lower temperature it would not fully, nor to any apparent extent, enter the pores or interstices of the base material and hence the plane of cleavage is always present. It will be seen thatthe drawings in this application show the bond material as filling the pores and interstices of the base material and the effect produced by the employment of the inert material incorporated in the bond material on the surface coat in this manner overcoming the 105 plane of cleavage.

Other obvious differences between applying the bonding material 2 at normal "temperature and applying it in a heated condition are apparent.

Having thus described my invention, what I wish to claim is:

1. A method of finishing and coating structural surfaces of the type set forth consisting of arresting the passage of moisture 115 from the structural body to the finish coating by means of an application of a moisture impervious fluid bond material at normal temperature to said structural surface; ap-

plying aninert material to said bond, and

ing by means of an application of a moisture impervious fluid bond material at normal temperature to said structural surface, forcing said bond into the pores and interstices of the said surface by impact, applying an inert material to said bond, and subsequently applying a finished coating to said inert material, said inert material acting as a key or clutch for the reception and retention of a finish coating.

3. A method of finishing and coating structural surfaces of the typeset forth consisting of arresting the passage of moisture from the structural body to the'finish coating by means of an application of a moisture impervious fluid bond material and an inert material to said structural surface, 7

said bond material being applied to said surface at normal temperature and subsequently applying a finish coating thereto.

4. A method of finishing and coating structural surfaces of th type set forth consisting of arresting the passage of moisture from the structural body to the finish coating by means of an application of a moisture impervious fluid bond material and an inert material to said structural surface, said bond material being applied to said surface at normal temperature and being forced by impact into the pores and interstices of said strue tural surface and subsequently applying a finish coating thereto.

Signed at Cleveland in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio this 31st day of January, 1916.

JOHN J. DONNELLY, Sornm L. MARKOWSKY. 

